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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
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Intellectual Disability01:29

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
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[Daily life disability associated with dementia].

Takashi Asada1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Tsukuba.

Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi = Psychiatria Et Neurologia Japonica
|March 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dementia, including Alzheimer disease, causes daily life disability due to brain lesions. Understanding these disruptions and caregiver practices can help maximize abilities for individuals with dementia.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Gerontology

Context:

  • Dementia, including Alzheimer disease, significantly impairs daily activities and societal participation.
  • Brain lesions, particularly focal ones, are strongly correlated with specific symptoms like apraxia and agnosia.
  • Cognitive decline progresses with the expansion of brain lesions, potentially affecting other organs.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the neural underpinnings of daily life disability in dementia.
  • To explore the relationship between brain activity and functional impairments.
  • To identify potential targets for interventions aimed at maximizing functional abilities.

Summary:

  • Daily life disability in dementia stems from brain lesions affecting cognitive functions and daily task performance.

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  • Preliminary experiments used capsaicin stimulation to observe brain activity responses.
  • Future studies will employ fMRI and magnetoencephalography for deeper insights into brain activity patterns.

    • Impact:

    • This research aims to improve care strategies for individuals with dementia by understanding the causes of functional decline.
    • Findings could lead to better methods for assessing and managing daily life challenges faced by people with dementia.
    • Enhanced understanding of brain activity in dementia may inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.