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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Selfing, adaptation and background selection in finite populations.

A Kamran-Disfani1, A F Agrawal

  • 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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|March 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary genetic models predict complete selfing or outcrossing, but low outcrossing persists in selfing species. This study reveals that low outcrossing levels enhance recombination, mitigating negative genetic disequilibrium and aiding adaptation in finite populations.

Keywords:
Hill-Robertson effectsadaptationbeneficial and deleterious mutationsrecombinationselfing

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Genomic evolution

Background:

  • Classic genetic models predict obligate outcrossing or selfing.
  • Observed low-level outcrossing in high selfing species contradicts these models.
  • Hill-Robertson effects, the interaction between drift and selection, are often ignored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of Hill-Robertson effects in the evolution of selfing.
  • Determine if low levels of outcrossing can be adaptive.
  • Model the interplay between selfing, recombination, and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Multilocus population genetic simulations.
  • Analysis of genetic disequilibrium under varying selfing rates.
  • Evolutionary simulations of selfing rates.

Main Results:

  • Selfing reduces effective population size and increases negative genetic disequilibrium.
  • Adaptation rates are significantly reduced in strong selfers.
  • Populations evolve towards extreme outcrossing or selfing, with low outcrossing maintained in selfers under specific conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Low levels of outcrossing can be selectively favored in selfing populations to counteract negative disequilibrium.
  • The rate of deleterious mutation influences the maintenance of outcrossing.
  • Interactions between beneficial mutations and selfing can quantitatively alter outcrossing rates.