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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Gene-environment interaction in autoimmune disease.

Justine A Ellis1, Andrew S Kemp2, Anne-Louise Ponsonby3

  • 1Genes, Environment and Complex Disease, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
|March 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene-environment interactions significantly influence autoimmune disease risk. Understanding these complex relationships is key to developing personalized medicine and targeted prevention strategies for autoimmune conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases are common and complex, arising from genetic and environmental factors.
  • Gene variants are established contributors, with growing evidence for environmental influences.
  • These factors can act independently or interact, modifying disease risk and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on gene-environment (G-E) interactions in autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding G-E interactions for explaining disease etiology.
  • To explore the potential of G-E interaction knowledge for personalized medicine and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on gene-environment interactions in autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of evidence for combined genetic and environmental influences on autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • Discussion of challenges and opportunities in large-scale G-E interaction research.

Main Results:

  • Evidence confirms that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in autoimmune diseases.
  • Interactions between genes and environment are increasingly recognized as crucial determinants of disease risk.
  • Identifying specific G-E interactions can elucidate molecular mechanisms and disease pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding gene-environment interactions is vital for a comprehensive grasp of autoimmune disease.
  • Knowledge of G-E interactions will drive advancements in personalized medicine and targeted preventative strategies.
  • Further research into G-E interactions is essential for unraveling the complexities of autoimmunity.