Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact01:03

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

706
Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
706
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

2.2K

Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
2.2K
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

9.2K
Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
9.2K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

7.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.0K
Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

3.0K
Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
3.0K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

4.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Patterns of e-cigarette use by sex and age in Thailand: The National Health Examination Survey 2024-2025.

Tobacco induced diseases·2026
Same author

Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students: 2025 National Youth Tobacco Survey.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

E-cigarettes increase harm and should be discouraged.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same author

Misleading incomplete results about dual use when using e-cigarettes as cessation aid.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2026
Same author

Reassessing Spinola et al.: data, sources, and the case for Brazil's e-cigarette ban.

Lancet regional health. Americas·2026
Same author

Comparison of e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use Associations With Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
09:25

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations

Published on: January 10, 2015

10.8K

When tobacco targets direct democracy.

Elizabeth Laposata1, Allison P Kennedy1, Stanton A Glantz1

  • 1University of California, San Francisco.

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
|March 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The tobacco industry strategically manipulated laws governing ballot initiatives for decades to hinder public health policies. Understanding these tactics is crucial for safeguarding direct democracy from special interests.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health Policy
  • Political Science
  • Legal Studies

Background:

  • Tobacco control advocates utilized ballot initiatives starting in the late 1970s to implement public health measures.
  • The tobacco industry responded by engaging in a multi-decade effort to alter laws governing initiative and referendum processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tobacco industry's long-term strategies aimed at modifying initiative and referendum laws.
  • To analyze the impact of these strategies on the direct democracy process and public health policy.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of tobacco industry's political lobbying and front group activities.
  • Examination of changes in state initiative and referendum laws over several decades.
  • Assessment of the influence of industry-proposed ideas on current discourse.

More Related Videos

Screening of Tobacco Genotypes for Phytophthora nicotianae Resistance
10:10

Screening of Tobacco Genotypes for Phytophthora nicotianae Resistance

Published on: April 15, 2022

3.4K
Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry
10:50

Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry

Published on: May 16, 2014

16.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
09:25

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations

Published on: January 10, 2015

10.8K
Screening of Tobacco Genotypes for Phytophthora nicotianae Resistance
10:10

Screening of Tobacco Genotypes for Phytophthora nicotianae Resistance

Published on: April 15, 2022

3.4K
Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry
10:50

Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry

Published on: May 16, 2014

16.2K

Main Results:

  • The tobacco industry established front groups and in-house teams to influence initiative laws, though initial efforts lacked immediate success.
  • Industry-advocated concepts concerning the initiative and referendum process have gradually gained mainstream acceptance.
  • These tactics, later adopted by other industries, have subtly reshaped the landscape of direct democracy.

Conclusions:

  • The tobacco industry's sustained efforts to curtail direct democracy through legal manipulation have had a lasting impact.
  • Direct democracy advocates, public health professionals, and policymakers must recognize these historical tactics.
  • Awareness is essential to prevent future legislative changes from inadvertently empowering special interests over democratic processes.