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Two major mumps genotype G variants dominated recent mumps outbreaks in the Netherlands (2009-2012)

Sigrid Gouma1,2, Jussi Sane3,2, Daphne Gijselaar2

  • 1Virology Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

The Journal of General Virology
|March 8, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Two mumps virus variants circulated in the Netherlands between 2009-2012, predominantly affecting vaccinated young adults. Variant 2 was linked to higher rates of orchitis in males.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mumps outbreaks occurred in the Netherlands from 2009-2012, with most cases in vaccinated young adults.
  • Protracted endemic circulation of mumps virus prompted an investigation into its genetic diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genetic diversity and changes of mumps virus over three years of outbreaks.
  • To investigate correlations between mumps virus genetic variants and epidemiological/clinical data.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene from 808 mumps cases.
  • Sequencing of haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) genes for a subset of samples.
  • Correlation analysis with epidemiological and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Two SH gene sequence types within genotype G, MuVs/Delft.NLD/03.10 (variant 1) and MuVs/Scheemda.NLD/12.10 (variant 2), dominated the outbreaks.
  • HN and F gene analysis indicated separate introductions of genetic lineages.
  • Variant 2 predominance was unexplained by investigated factors; it was associated with increased orchitis in males.

Conclusions:

  • The mumps outbreaks were driven by genetically heterogeneous strains within an emerging genotype.
  • Findings raise questions about the drivers of mumps epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness.

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