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Updated: May 2, 2026

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside

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Ancient pathogen DNA in archaeological samples detected with a Microbial Detection Array.

Alison M Devault¹, Kevin McLoughlin², Crystal Jaing²

¹McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L9, Canada.

Scientific Reports

|March 8, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ancient human remains harbor degraded DNA, making pathogen identification difficult. Microarrays like the Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA) offer a rapid, cost-effective method for detecting ancient bacterial pathogens.

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Area of Science:

Paleopathology
Ancient Genomics
Microbial Forensics

Background:

Ancient human remains often contain degraded DNA with low pathogen abundance, posing challenges for traditional sequencing methods.
Microarrays offer a potentially faster and more affordable alternative for microbial profiling in complex samples.
The application of microarrays to ancient human remains for paleopathological studies is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of the Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA) for identifying bacterial pathogens in ancient human remains.
To demonstrate the utility of microarrays as a screening tool for paleopathological investigations.

Main Methods:

Bacterial profiling of archaeological and historical human remains using the LLMDA.
Validation of array findings against known pathogens and limited high-throughput sequencing data.

Main Results:

The LLMDA successfully identified specific bacterial pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia pestis, in ancient specimens.
These pathogens constituted very small fractions of the total DNA content (0.03% and 0.08%), highlighting the array's sensitivity.
The array provided rapid and informative microbial profiles from complex ancient DNA samples.

Conclusions:

The LLMDA is a viable and cost-effective tool for screening ancient human remains for bacterial pathogens.
This approach can significantly aid paleopathological studies by rapidly identifying causative agents of ancient diseases.
Microarray technology opens new avenues for studying ancient health and disease dynamics across time and geography.