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The emerging immunological role of post-translational modifications by reactive nitrogen species in cancer

Francesco De Sanctis1, Sara Sandri1, Giovanna Ferrarini1

  • 1Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 8, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) create a "chemical barrier" impairing anti-tumor immunity. Targeting RNS may offer new strategies for cancer treatment and biomarker discovery.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are implicated in immune responses during tumor progression.
  • RNS-dependent post-translational modifications suggest a functional role in immune regulation.
  • These modifications can create a barrier hindering anti-tumor immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunological and biological roles of RNS-induced modifications in cancer.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies targeting RNS in cancer treatment.
  • To identify RNS as potential biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RNS in cancer immunology.
  • Analysis of RNS generation pathways (e.g., nitric oxide production, l-arginine catabolism).
  • Discussion of RNS-mediated post-translational modifications of immune factors.

Main Results:

  • RNS modifications impair effector T cell infiltration and function within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Tumor cells and myeloid cells are key sources of RNS during tumor growth.
  • RNS contribute to immune evasion by cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • RNS play a significant role in modulating the anti-tumor immune response.
  • Targeting RNS presents a promising avenue for improving cancer therapies.
  • Further research into RNS modifications could yield novel cancer biomarkers.
Keywords:
RNScancerimmune escapemicroenvironmentnitrotyrosine

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