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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

626
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
626
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

656
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
656
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

641
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
641
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

2.4K
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
2.4K
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

3.4K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
07:34

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

Published on: May 5, 2018

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[Fetal arrhythmias].

Eeva Ekholm1, Pertti Palo1, Henrik Ekblad2

  • 1Tyks, Naistentaudit ja Synnytykset.

Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
|March 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Most fetal arrhythmias are benign, but some can be life-threatening. Fetal echocardiography and specialized maternal-fetal medicine centers are crucial for diagnosing and treating these conditions, especially those involving bradycardia or tachycardia.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Fetal arrhythmias are common, with most cases being benign atrial premature beats.
  • A subset of fetuses presents with severe conditions like bradycardia or tachycardia, posing life-threatening risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic importance of fetal echocardiography in identifying fetal arrhythmias.
  • To discuss the role of transplacental treatment in preventing fetal heart failure.
  • To emphasize the need for specialized centers in managing complex fetal dysrhythmias.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies heavily on fetal echocardiography to differentiate benign from malignant arrhythmias.
  • Transplacental pharmacotherapy is a primary intervention strategy to avert cardiac failure.

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Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
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  • Prognostic factors include arrhythmia type, structural cardiac anomalies, and intrauterine cardiac failure.

    • Main Results:

    • While most fetal arrhythmias are benign, severe forms require prompt intervention.
    • Transplacental treatment is frequently employed, though first-line drug evidence is lacking.
    • Prognosis is variable, influenced by arrhythmia complexity and associated cardiac conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Fetal echocardiography is indispensable for accurate diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias.
    • Management of severe fetal dysrhythmias, including bradycardia and tachycardia, necessitates expert care in specialized maternal-fetal medicine centers.
    • The lack of clinical trial data for first-choice drugs underscores the need for further research in fetal pharmacotherapy.