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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Updated: May 2, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Gingivoperiosteoplasty.

Richard A Hopper¹, Faisal Al-Mufarrej¹

¹Division of Plastic Surgery, The Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery

|March 11, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gingivoperiosteoplasty with nasoalveolar molding (NAM-GPP) may improve early cleft repair outcomes. However, long-term studies are needed to confirm its role in preventing future dentofacial issues.

Keywords:

Alveolar cleft Gingivoperiosteoplasty Nasoalveolar molding POPLA

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Area of Science:

Craniofacial surgery
Pediatric plastic surgery
Orthodontics

Background:

Gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) aims to optimize cleft repair results and minimize surgeries.
GPP can normalize early form and function, potentially avoiding secondary bone grafting.
However, GPP has been linked to dentofacial restrictions necessitating further complex treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the history, technique, and perioperative care of Gingivoperiosteoplasty with Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM-GPP).
To present preliminary outcomes of the NAM-GPP technique.
To evaluate the potential of NAM-GPP in improving cleft care.

Main Methods:

Utilizes passive presurgical molding (Nasoalveolar Molding - NAM) combined with Gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP).
Employs strict patient-selection criteria for optimal application.
Reviews historical data, surgical technique, and patient management protocols.

Main Results:

Preliminary data on NAM-GPP show favorable outcomes.
The technique aims to mitigate the iatrogenic dentofacial restriction associated with traditional GPP.
Further long-term outcome studies are indicated.

Conclusions:

NAM-GPP presents a promising approach in cleft care, potentially enhancing early functional and aesthetic results.
Careful patient selection and technique are crucial for successful outcomes.
Long-term follow-up is essential to fully ascertain the benefits and limitations of NAM-GPP in comprehensive cleft management.