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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

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In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
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Upstream Processing01:27

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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
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Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

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Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Hollow Fiber Bioreactors for In Vivo-like Mammalian Tissue Culture
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Bioreactor technologies to support liver function in vitro.

Mohammad R Ebrahimkhani1, Jaclyn A Shepard Neiman2, Micha Sam B Raredon3

  • 1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|March 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are developing advanced bioreactor models to better understand liver function and disease for drug discovery. These innovative models aim to improve the prediction of drug metabolism, toxicity, and therapeutic effects in vitro.

Keywords:
BioreactorDrug developmentDrug toxicityHepatocytesLiver non-parenchymal cellsMicrofluidicOrgan on chipTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Drug Discovery
  • Biomaterials and Microfluidics

Background:

  • The liver is crucial for metabolic and immunologic homeostasis, and a key target for molecular therapeutics.
  • Accurately modeling liver physiology and pathophysiology in vitro is essential for drug development, including predicting drug metabolism, toxicity, and off-target effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide perspective on the evolving landscape of bioreactor-based models for drug discovery and development.
  • To highlight design challenges in maintaining long-term liver-specific function in vitro.
  • To discuss how emerging technologies in biomaterials and microdevices are advancing experimental liver models.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current research on bioreactor-based liver models.
  • Emphasis on design considerations for long-term functional maintenance.
  • Exploration of novel biomaterials and microdevice technologies.

Main Results:

  • Bioreactor technology is advancing to better capture liver physiology for drug discovery.
  • Challenges remain in achieving sustained, liver-specific function in vitro.
  • Emerging biomaterials and microdevices offer promising solutions for improved experimental models.

Conclusions:

  • Bioreactor-based models are critical for addressing challenges in drug discovery and development.
  • Continued innovation in biomaterials and microdevices is key to enhancing the predictive power of in vitro liver models.
  • These advanced models hold significant potential for improving the safety and efficacy assessment of new therapeutics.