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Physical activity, structural brain changes and cognitive decline. The SMART-MR study.

M Kooistra1, H M Boss2, Y van der Graaf3

  • 1Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Atherosclerosis
|March 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leisure time physical activity did not significantly impact brain abnormalities or cognitive decline in individuals with vascular disease. This study found no evidence that exercise prevents or slows brain changes or cognitive impairment in this population.

Keywords:
Brain atrophyCognitive declineCohortEpidemiologyPhysical activityVascular brain lesion

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Vascular disease is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline and brain abnormalities.
  • The role of leisure time physical activity in mitigating these effects in at-risk populations remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between leisure time physical activity and brain MRI abnormalities (white matter lesions, infarcts, brain volume).
  • To examine the association between physical activity and cognitive performance, including cognitive decline, in patients with vascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • The SMART-MR study included 1232 participants at baseline and 663 at follow-up (3.9 years).
  • Brain MRI (1.5 T) quantified intracranial, total brain, ventricular volumes, and white matter lesions (WMLs); infarcts were visually rated.
  • Physical activity was measured in metabolic equivalents (MET) hours per week; linear and Poisson regression analyses were used.

Main Results:

  • Increased physical activity was associated with larger total brain volume at baseline.
  • A trend suggested physical activity was linked to smaller ventricular volume and decreased risk of brain infarcts.
  • No significant associations were found between physical activity and WML volume, changes in brain structure over time, cognitive performance, or cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Leisure time physical activity did not demonstrate a significant role in preventing or slowing brain abnormalities in this cohort.
  • The findings suggest physical activity does not significantly protect against cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals with existing vascular disease.