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Assessing multivariate constraints to evolution across ten long-term avian studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Understanding microevolutionary processes is crucial for adaptation in a changing world.
  • Genetic correlations between traits can influence evolutionary trajectories.
  • Empirical data on these constraints are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how multivariate constraints, specifically genetic correlations, affect the rate of adaptation.
  • To quantify the impact of genetic correlations on evolutionary responses to selection in birds.
  • To compare evolvability in the direction of selection versus random directions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long-term data from seven bird species (10 populations).
  • Estimated population-specific genetic correlation matrices and selection coefficients.
  • Employed Bayesian methods to predict evolutionary responses and compare adaptation rates with and without genetic correlations.

Main Results:

  • Genetic correlations decreased the predicted rate of adaptation by an average of 28%.
  • Multivariate evolvability along the selection direction was consistently lower than random evolvability.
  • Non-alignment of selection and genetic variance, especially with the size axis, explained these reductions.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic correlations impose significant constraints on avian morphological evolution in wild populations.
  • These constraints can impact evolutionary dynamics and population persistence.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering genetic architecture in evolutionary studies.