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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
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[Endothelial cells promote islet survival and function].

Xiaoming Pan1, Chenguang Ding, Wujun Xue

  • 1Nephropathy Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061,China drpanxiaoming@126.com.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences
|March 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Co-culturing and co-transplanting pancreatic islets with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) significantly improved islet survival and function in diabetic rats. This approach offers a promising strategy for enhancing islet transplantation outcomes.

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Endothelial Cell Co-culture Mediates Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell to Pancreatic Insulin Producing Cells in a Directed Differentiation Approach
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A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Pancreatic islet transplantation is a key therapy for type 1 diabetes.
  • Islet graft survival and function remain significant challenges.
  • Vascularization is crucial for islet graft success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of co-culture with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) on isolated islet viability and function.
  • To assess the efficacy of co-transplantation of ECs and islets in improving islet graft survival in a diabetic rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Islets were co-cultured with ECs and compared to standard culture.
  • Diabetic rats received islet transplants, islet-EC co-transplants, EC-only transplants, or PBS control.
  • Blood glucose, insulin levels, cell morphology, and cell markers were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Co-culture with ECs maintained normal islet morphology (>90%) and enhanced insulin release.
  • Significant differences in blood glucose and insulin concentrations were observed among groups post-transplantation.
  • Co-transplantation led to prolonged islet graft survival compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Co-culture with ECs improves in vitro islet function and survival.
  • EC-islet co-transplantation effectively extends islet graft survival in diabetic rats.
  • This strategy holds potential for improving diabetes treatment via islet transplantation.