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Updated: May 2, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Connectivity changes underlying neurofeedback training of visual cortex activity.

Frank Scharnowski¹, Maria Joao Rosa², Narly Golestani³

¹Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics - CIBM, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

|March 11, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neurofeedback training using real-time fMRI enhances voluntary brain control. Successful learning involves increased top-down connectivity from the superior parietal lobe to the visual cortex, suggesting attention and imagery strategies.

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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Published on: August 24, 2017

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Published on: November 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback enables voluntary control over specific brain activity.
The neural mechanisms underlying successful neurofeedback learning are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the changes in effective brain connectivity during neurofeedback training of visual cortex activity.
To understand the neural basis of successful neurofeedback learning.

Main Methods:

Employed dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to analyze effective connectivity changes.
Assessed brain activity in participants undergoing neurofeedback training to increase visual cortex activation.

Main Results:

Neurofeedback training led to increased effective connectivity between the visual cortex and the superior parietal lobe.
Learners demonstrated enhanced top-down control from the superior parietal lobe to the visual cortex.
Bottom-up processing was reduced in successful learners.

Conclusions:

Successful neurofeedback learning of visual cortex activity is associated with altered effective connectivity patterns.
Findings suggest the engagement of top-down attentional and imagery strategies for enhanced brain control.