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The attentional boost effect with verbal materials.

Neil W Mulligan¹, Pietro Spataro², Milton Picklesimer¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition

|March 12, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The attentional boost effect (ABE) enhances memory for verbal materials across different senses and memory tests. This effect is stronger for high-frequency words, suggesting abstract memory representations.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Memory Research

Background:

The attentional boost effect (ABE) improves memory for stimuli presented with unrelated targets during a detection task.
Previous research established the ABE with pictorial materials and more recently with verbal materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the generality of the ABE with verbal materials across different sensory modalities and memory tests.
To evaluate the perceptual encoding hypothesis, which posits that memory benefits stem from enhanced encoding of perceptual properties.

Main Methods:

Experiments utilized visual and auditory study stimuli presented with unrelated targets or distractors.
Recognition and free recall tests were employed to assess memory performance.
Word frequency (high vs. low) was manipulated as a factor.

Main Results:

An ABE was observed for both visual and auditory study stimuli, irrespective of test modality (visual or auditory recognition).
The ABE was also found for free recall tests.
The attentional boost effect was significantly larger for high-frequency words compared to low-frequency words.

Conclusions:

The ABE is a general phenomenon that extends across study and test modalities and various memory tests (recognition and free recall).
Word frequency moderates the ABE, indicating its influence on memory.
The findings suggest that the representational basis for the ABE with verbal materials is abstract or amodal, rather than modality-specific.