Pancreatic cancer in 1988. Possibilities and probabilities

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is increasing in frequency, generally grows without symptoms until late in its natural history, and presents many discouraging unresolved problems in management. This review analyzes the status of current modalities of diagnosis, staging, and treatment. The limitations of those methods are defined, and possible improvements and new directions are suggested. A strategy for a rational and humane approach to pancreatic cancer is developed with the goal of maximizing quality as well as quantity of life.