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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
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To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
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Fast shear compounding using robust 2-D shear wave speed calculation and multi-directional filtering.

Pengfei Song1, Armando Manduca2, Heng Zhao2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|March 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel fast shear compounding method enhances ultrasound elastography by preserving high imaging frame rates and minimizing motion artifacts. This technique accurately maps tissue stiffness, improving diagnostic capabilities.

Keywords:
2-D shear wave speedAcoustic radiation forceComb-pushDirectional filterShear compoundingShear wave elastography

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Ultrasound Technology

Background:

  • Shear wave elastography (SWE) is crucial for non-invasive tissue stiffness assessment.
  • Conventional shear compounding improves SWE accuracy but often reduces imaging frame rates.
  • Minimizing motion artifacts is essential for reliable SWE measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a fast shear compounding method for ultrasound elastography.
  • To maintain high imaging frame rates while improving shear elasticity map quality.
  • To reduce motion artifacts in shear wave imaging.

Main Methods:

  • A single shear wave push-detect cycle was employed.
  • A comb-push technique generated multiple, differently angled shear waves simultaneously.
  • Multi-directional filtering decomposed the shear wave field.
  • Robust 2-D shear wave speed calculations reconstructed elasticity maps.
  • Compounding of directional maps created the final elasticity map.

Main Results:

  • The fast shear compounding method achieved performance comparable to conventional methods.
  • Imaging frame rates were preserved, and motion artifacts were minimized.
  • Phantom studies demonstrated clear resolution of multiple inclusions.
  • Stiffness measurements showed excellent agreement with nominal values.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fast shear compounding method is effective for ultrasound elastography.
  • This technique offers high-quality, full field-of-view shear elasticity mapping.
  • It presents a significant advancement for accurate and efficient tissue stiffness evaluation.