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Alzheimer disease (AD) patients show impaired symbol processing, especially with visual distractions. A symbol processing task (SPT) effectively differentiates AD patients from healthy controls, aiding diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Symbols and signs are proposed to aid orientation in Alzheimer disease (AD).
  • Limited research exists on AD patients' comprehension of symbols and factors influencing it.
  • Understanding symbol processing deficits is crucial for improving AD patient care and assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate symbol processing abilities in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients.
  • To identify specific symbol characteristics that may hinder comprehension in AD.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of a symbol processing task (SPT) for AD.

Main Methods:

  • A symbol processing task (SPT) was administered to 30 AD patients and 30 healthy controls.
  • Participants completed SPT with 4 distinct item categories.
  • Statistical analyses included repeated-measures ANOVA, correlation with neuropsychological tests, and ROC analysis.

Main Results:

  • Alzheimer disease (AD) patients exhibited global symbol processing dysfunction.
  • This dysfunction was linked to deficits in semantic memory and executive functions.
  • AD patients performed significantly worse on SPT items with visual distraction.
  • The SPT demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing AD patients from controls.

Conclusions:

  • Specific visual features within symbols can impede symbol processing in Alzheimer disease (AD).
  • The SPT is a valuable tool for assessing cognitive function in AD.
  • Findings support the diagnostic benefit of the SPT in neuropsychological assessments for AD.