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Illuminating geographical patterns in species' range shifts.

Gaël Grenouillet1, Lise Comte

  • 1CNRS, UPS, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, F-31062, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5174 EDB, Toulouse, F-31062, France.

Global Change Biology
|March 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Species range shifts due to climate change are complex. Nonclimatic factors significantly influence fish range changes in France, with species traits affecting persistence and lag times. Conservation planning needs to consider these dynamics.

Keywords:
climate changecolonizationdistribution shiftsdriversextirpationlagrange limitsstream fish

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Species' range shifts are a known consequence of climate change.
  • However, comprehensive comparisons of range changes over time and their drivers are understudied.
  • Complex spatial patterns in species' responses are anticipated but rarely investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a modeling framework for analyzing drivers and facets of species' range shifts.
  • To assess range shifts in French stream fish assemblages between two distinct time periods.
  • To investigate the influence of climatic vs. nonclimatic drivers and species' traits on range dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized historical and current species distribution records for 32 fish species in France.
  • Analyzed range shifts between 1980-1992 and 2003-2009.
  • Dissociated range shifts within climatically suitable and unsuitable habitats to identify drivers.

Main Results:

  • Individual species exhibited considerable variation in range shifts, forming complex spatial patterns.
  • Nonclimatic drivers appeared to have a greater impact on colonization and extirpation than climate-driven factors during the study period.
  • Species' traits influenced range shifts: short-lived species persisted more in unsuitable areas, while long-lived species showed greater lags.
  • Nonclimatic extirpations were linked to range size, whereas climate-driven extirpations related to thermal tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework enhances understanding of range shifting processes and informs conservation management.
  • Conservation strategies should identify geographical patterns and species' traits associated with distribution changes.
  • Nonclimatic factors play a crucial role in current fish range shifts, but climate-driven changes may accelerate.