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Neandertal clavicle length.

Erik Trinkaus1, Trenton W Holliday, Benjamin M Auerbach

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Neandertals did not have unusually long clavicles relative to their body mass. Their clavicle and humerus lengths fall within the range of modern humans, suggesting consistent skeletal proportions throughout Homo evolution.

Keywords:
Sunghirfemurhumeruspelvis

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Human Evolution
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Neandertals (Late Pleistocene archaic humans from western Eurasia) have long been characterized by relatively long clavicles.
  • This trait has been used to differentiate them from modern humans and infer aspects of their anatomy, genetics, and evolutionary relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify whether Neandertal clavicle length relative to humerus length reflects genuinely longer clavicles or shorter humeri.
  • To compare Neandertal clavicular proportions with those of early and recent modern humans, scaled for body mass.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of clavicle and humerus lengths.
  • Estimation of body mass using femoral head diameters.
  • Comparison of scaled clavicular lengths across Neandertals, early modern humans, and recent human populations.

Main Results:

  • Neandertals exhibit long clavicles relative to their humeri, but this variation is within the range of early and recent humans.
  • When scaled to body mass, Neandertal humeral lengths are relatively short, and their clavicular lengths are indistinguishable from modern humans.
  • Early Pleistocene Homo clavicles also fall within recent human variation.

Conclusions:

  • Appropriately scaled clavicular length has remained relatively consistent throughout the genus Homo.
  • Clavicular length should not be used to explain Neandertal biology or their phylogenetic status.