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Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates...

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible...

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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Complexometric Titration: Ligands

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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

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Introduction
Analogous to alkenes, alkynes also undergo acid-catalyzed hydration. While the addition of water to an alkene gives an alcohol, hydration of alkynes produces different products such as aldehydes and ketones.

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Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

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Alanine water complexes.

Vanesa Vaquero¹, M Eugenia Sanz, Isabel Peña

¹Grupo de Espectroscopia Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Laboratorios de Espectroscopia y Bioespectroscopia, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Universidad de Valladolid , 47005 Valladolid, Spain.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A

|March 13, 2014

Summary

Researchers studied alanine-water complexes using microwave spectroscopy. They found water molecules bind to alanine

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Amino acids are fundamental biological molecules.
Understanding solvation is key to biological processes.
Microsolvation provides insights into bulk properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize alanine-water complexes.
To investigate hydrogen bonding in microsolvated alanine.
To understand the initial steps of alanine solvation.

Main Methods:

Laser ablation of alanine in a water vapor supersonic jet.
Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy for characterization.
Analysis of intermolecular hydrogen bonding networks.

Main Results:

Two alanine-water complexes, alanine-H2O and alanine-(H2O)2, were successfully generated and identified.
Water molecules bind to alanine's carboxylic group, acting as proton donors and acceptors.
Specific hydrogen bonding patterns were elucidated: a six-membered ring for alanine-H2O and an eight-membered ring for alanine-(H2O)2.
Alanine remained in its neutral, most stable conformation in both complexes.

Conclusions:

The study provides a detailed microscopic view of alanine's initial solvation.
The observed hydrogen bonding structures offer a foundation for understanding bulk water-amino acid interactions.
These findings contribute to the broader understanding of solvation effects on biomolecules.