Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

14.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
14.2K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

49.0K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
49.0K
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

16.7K
16.7K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

5.0K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.0K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

2.6K
2.6K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

6.6K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Quantification and transcriptome profiling reveal abundant, dynamic and translatable dephospho-CoA-capped RNAs.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Assessing Metal Ion Assignment Accuracy in Protein Data Bank Models via Elemental Spectroscopy.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

YBX1 takes actions on triggering M2-like polarization of macrophages and stabilizing CXCL8 mRNA to exhibit its metastatic potential in bladder cancer.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

Crystal structure of mouse DXO in complex with the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine cap and molecular mechanism for the decapping reactions.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

A spring-loaded grip-and-pull mechanism for stepwise RNA duplex unwinding by Xrn1.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Quantification and transcriptome profiling reveal abundant, dynamic and translatable dephospho-CoA-capped RNAs.

Nature biotechnology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

12.0K

Structure and function of pre-mRNA 5'-end capping quality control and 3'-end processing.

Ashley R Jurado1, Dazhi Tan, Xinfu Jiao

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States.

Biochemistry
|March 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA) processing involves 5' capping, splicing, and 3' end formation. New DXO enzymes detect and degrade incompletely capped pre-mRNAs, revealing a novel quality control pathway.

More Related Videos

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.2K
Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
08:12

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

Published on: January 3, 2019

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

12.0K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.2K
Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
08:12

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

Published on: January 3, 2019

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Processing
  • Gene Expression Regulation

Background:

  • Eukaryotic pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) requires extensive processing, including 5'-end capping, splicing, and 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, for functional messenger RNA (mRNA) production.
  • The machinery for 3'-end processing of both general pre-mRNAs and replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs has been extensively studied, revealing complex protein interactions and subcomplexes.
  • The 5'-end capping pathway is crucial for mRNA maturation and stability, but the mechanisms ensuring its completeness and surveillance have been less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural and functional information on the machineries involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.
  • To highlight the discovery and characterization of a new class of enzymes, DXO family enzymes, involved in 5'-end capping pathway surveillance.
  • To elucidate the role of these enzymes in a novel quality control mechanism for pre-mRNA 5'-end capping.

Main Methods:

  • Structural and biochemical studies of pre-mRNA processing machinery.
  • Identification and characterization of DXO family enzymes.
  • Functional studies in yeast and human cells to assess the role of DXO enzymes in pre-mRNA quality control.

Main Results:

  • Detailed insights into the proteins and subcomplexes of 3'-end processing machineries for both general and histone pre-mRNAs.
  • Discovery of DXO family enzymes with activity on 5'-end capping pathway intermediates.
  • Demonstration that incomplete 5'-end capping occurs in vivo and leads to splicing and 3'-end cleavage defects.
  • Establishment of DXO enzymes as essential components of a novel quality surveillance mechanism for detecting and degrading incompletely capped pre-mRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The 3'-end processing of pre-mRNAs involves large, intricate machineries with distinct pathways for different RNA types.
  • A novel quality control pathway for pre-mRNA 5'-end capping exists, mediated by DXO family enzymes.
  • Incomplete 5'-end capping is a biologically relevant event that triggers degradation of defective transcripts via the DXO pathway, ensuring proper gene expression.