Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
09:13

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Published on: July 11, 2025

26.8K

Environment as a risk factor in delayed development in premature, low-birthweight and mild asphyxia children

Hestu Putri Yanuarti1, Kusnandi Rusmil, Sjarif Hidajat Effendi

  • 1Department of Child Health, Medical School, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|March 13, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Low family income and not exclusively breastfeeding are significant risk factors for developmental delays in premature infants. These factors impact language and visual-motor development in vulnerable newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Premature infants with low birthweight (LBW) and asphyxia face elevated risks for developmental delays.
  • Environmental factors like parental education, income, and feeding practices significantly influence child development.
  • Limited research in Indonesia highlights the need for data on environmental impacts on infant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of environmental factors as risks for delayed language and visual-motor development.
  • To provide crucial information for parents of premature, LBW infants with asphyxia in Indonesia.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 70 children aged 12-24 months born premature, with LBW and mild asphyxia.
  • Developmental assessment using Capute scales for language and visual-motor skills.
  • Statistical analysis including chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • 49% of subjects exhibited delays in language and visual-motor development.
  • Non-exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.001) and low family income (P < 0.05) were identified as significant environmental risk factors.
  • Non-exclusive breastfeeding showed a 175-fold increased risk, while low family income presented a 0.042-fold risk.

Conclusions:

  • Low family income and non-exclusive breastfeeding are critical risk factors for developmental delays in this vulnerable infant population.
  • Findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic support and optimal infant feeding practices for neurodevelopment.
Abstract

Keywords:
developmental delayenvironmental risk factorslow birthweightmild asphyxiapremature

More Related Videos

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

10.5K
A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis06:19

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis

Published on: January 7, 2018

10.1K

Related Concept Videos

Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
1.2K
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
1.4K
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
19.4K
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
50.6K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
1.4K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.8K