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Comparison of in vitro techniques to controllably decrease bone mineral density of cancellous bone for biomechanical

Francesca R Nichols1, Kent N Bachus2

  • 1Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, 590 Wakara Way, Suite A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.

Medical Engineering & Physics
|March 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

5% acetic acid effectively demineralizes cancellous bone in vitro. This method offers a controllable way to reduce bone mineral density, aiding orthopedic device fixation strength research.

Keywords:
Bone mineral densityCompressive strengthDemineralizationpDEXA

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Orthopedic device fixation strength is reduced in poorly mineralized bone.
  • Accurate modeling of device fixation requires controllable in vitro bone demineralization techniques.
  • Existing demineralization methods vary in chemical use and lack comparative rate data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of different in vitro demineralization solutions.
  • To identify an optimal, controllable method for decreasing cancellous bone mineral density.
  • To establish a reliable model for orthopedic device fixation strength testing.

Main Methods:

  • 120 ovine cancellous bone cores were demineralized in five solutions (saline, HCl, EDTA, formic acid, acetic acid) over 12 time points (0-144h).
  • Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after demineralization.
  • Cores were subjected to biomechanical compression testing to failure.

Main Results:

  • 5% acetic acid demonstrated an optimal balance of demineralization rate, ease of use, and availability.
  • Acetic acid treatment showed a strong correlation between decreased bone mineral density and compressive bone strength.
  • All tested solutions altered bone mineral density, but acetic acid provided the most controllable demineralization.

Conclusions:

  • 5% acetic acid is the preferred solution for controllable in vitro demineralization of cancellous bone.
  • This technique facilitates better modeling of orthopedic device fixation strength in reduced bone mineral density conditions.
  • Further research can utilize this method to optimize orthopedic implant design and testing protocols.