Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

20.2K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
20.2K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

3.1K
3.1K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

6.1K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.1K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

9.5K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.5K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Non-coding structural variants disrupt FOXG1 transcriptional regulation in early neurodevelopment.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Cis-regulatory evolution shapes facial diversity in birds and mammals.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Multi-season analysis reveals hundreds of drought-responsive genes in sorghum.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Functional architecture of cardiac TF regulatory landscapes in control of mammalian heart development.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

An expanded registry of candidate cis-regulatory elements.

Nature·2026
Same author

Uncovering hidden enhancers through unbiased in vivo testing.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models
12:01

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models

Published on: January 12, 2015

9.6K

Multiple conserved regulatory domains promote Fezf2 expression in the developing cerebral cortex.

Matthew J Eckler, Kathryn A Larkin, William L McKenna

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. bchen@ucsc.edu.

Neural Development
|March 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers investigated non-coding DNA elements controlling Fezf2 gene expression, crucial for deep-layer cortical projection neuron development. They identified regulatory regions driving gene expression in the developing brain.

More Related Videos

High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function
10:06

High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function

Published on: October 19, 2013

22.2K
HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models
12:01

Induction of Protein Deletion Through In Utero Electroporation to Define Deficits in Neuronal Migration in Transgenic Models

Published on: January 12, 2015

9.6K
High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function
10:06

High Resolution Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization within Zebrafish Embryos to Study Gene Expression and Function

Published on: October 19, 2013

22.2K
HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Understanding the genetic programs governing cerebral cortex development is crucial.
  • Non-coding DNA elements regulating key developmental genes are not well understood.
  • Fezf2, a transcription factor essential for deep-layer cortical projection neurons, is a focus of this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms controlling Fezf2 gene expression during cortical development.
  • To identify and characterize non-coding regulatory elements associated with Fezf2.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to map transcription factor binding.
  • Reporter gene assays were employed to characterize the activity of regulatory regions.
  • Analysis spanned multiple stages of corticogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Binding of four deep-layer-enriched transcription factors to regulatory regions was mapped.
  • A promoter element sufficient for cerebral cortex expression was identified.
  • Enhancer elements driving reporter gene expression in distinct forebrain domains, including progenitor cells and projection neurons, were characterized.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into the regulatory logic governing Fezf2 expression.
  • Findings advance the understanding of how multiple non-coding regulatory domains cooperate to control gene expression in vivo.