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Executive dysfunction assessed with a task-switching task following concussion.

Ulrich Mayr1, Charlene LaRoux2, Tyler Rolheiser2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.

Plos One
|March 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Concussion impairs executive function, specifically task-switching abilities, for at least one month post-injury. This study found increased switch costs in individuals with concussion compared to controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Concussion often leads to executive function deficits.
  • Task-switching paradigms effectively assess these cognitive changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of concussion on task switching performance.
  • To analyze performance with spatial and numerical stimuli over time.

Main Methods:

  • Compared individuals with concussion (n=16) to matched controls (n=16).
  • Assessed task switching at 48 hours, 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury.
  • Utilized both spatial and numerical task-switching stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Participants with concussion exhibited significantly greater switch costs for both spatial and numerical tasks.
  • Global costs on non-switching trials remained unaffected by concussion.
  • Impaired task switching persisted for at least 28 days post-injury.

Conclusions:

  • Concussion significantly impairs the ability to switch between cognitive sets.
  • These deficits are evident across different task types and persist long-term.
  • Task-switching performance is a sensitive indicator of post-concussion executive dysfunction.