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Updated: May 2, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
Published on: April 27, 2016
Lorenzo Ghiadoni1, Massimo Salvetti, Maria Lorenza Muiesan
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy, lorenzo.ghiadoni@med.unipi.it.
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) assesses endothelial function non-invasively. Standardized FMD measurements may predict cardiovascular events and guide preventative strategies.
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