Income-related inequality in health and health-related behaviour: exploring the equalisation hypothesis
Laura Vallejo-Torres1, Daniel Hale2, Stephen Morris3
1Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Departamento de Economía de las Instituciones, Estadística Económica y Econometría, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Background:
Previous studies have found the socioeconomic gradient in health among adolescents to be lower than that observed during childhood and adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine income-related inequalities in health and health-related behaviour across the lifespan in England to explore 'equalisation' in adolescence.
Methods:
We used five years of data (2006-2010) from the Health Survey for England to explore inequalities in six indicators: self-assessed general health, longstanding illness, limiting longstanding illness, psychosocial wellbeing, obesity and smoking status. We ran separate analyses by age/gender groups. Inequality was measured using concentration indices.
Results:
Our findings for longstanding illnesses, psychosocial wellbeing and obesity were consistent with the equalisation hypothesis. For these indicators, the extent of income-related inequality was lower among late adolescents (16-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years) compared to children and young adolescents (under 15 years), mid- and late-adults (25-44 and 45-64 years) and the elderly (65+ years). The remaining indicators showed lower inequality among adolescents compared to adults, but higher inequality when compared with children.
Conclusions:
Our work shows that inequalities occur across the life-course but that for some health issues there may be a period of equalisation in late adolescence and early adulthood.
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