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How common is homoploid hybrid speciation?

Molly Schumer1, Gil G Rosenthal, Peter Andolfatto

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Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
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Summary

Hybridization can lead to new species without changes in chromosome number (homoploid hybrid speciation). However, rigorous evidence for this speciation route is limited, despite hybridization being common in nature.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Speciation research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Historically, hybridization was viewed as a barrier to species divergence.
  • Recent studies suggest hybridization can drive speciation without polyploidy (homoploid hybrid speciation).
  • The significance and empirical support for homoploid hybrid speciation remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish clear criteria for evaluating evidence of homoploid hybrid speciation.
  • To assess the current literature on hybridization and speciation using these criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Development of a framework to assess evidence strength for homoploid hybrid speciation.
  • Critical evaluation of existing studies claiming homoploid hybrid speciation.

Main Results:

  • Hybridization is a frequent phenomenon across taxa.
  • The number of well-supported cases of homoploid hybrid speciation is limited.
  • Existing evidence for hybridization driving speciation without ploidy change is often insufficient.

Conclusions:

  • While hybridization is common, its role in generating new species (homoploid hybrid speciation) is less significant than often claimed.
  • More stringent evidence is required to confirm homoploid hybrid speciation.
  • Future research should focus on robustly testing hypothesized cases of homoploid hybrid speciation.