Recurring craniofacial fibrous dysplasia with extensive titanium mesh invasion

The recurrence and regrowth of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (FD) along the repaired titanium mesh (TM) after total removal are extremely rare. A 22-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of progressive proptosis and sudden vision loss of the right eye. Craniofacial FD was histologically diagnosed 3 years ago, and the involved frontal bone was totally removed and reconstructed with TM in his first surgery. Based on previous medical history, radiographic features, and clinical findings, the recurrence was considered, and the patient underwent surgical treatment. He had an uneventful postoperative course, and during the follow-up, his proptosis was gradually relieved, and the visual acuity also improved. In this article, we present the regrowth of craniofacial FD into TM and describe the clinical features, mechanism, and treatment of this condition.