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Related Concept Videos

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Hypodermis01:02

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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Human adipocyte function is impacted by mechanical cues.

V Pellegrinelli1, J Heuvingh, O du Roure

  • 1INSERM, UMR S 1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, UMR S 1166, ICAN, Paris, France.

The Journal of Pathology
|March 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fibrosis in human white adipose tissue (WAT) impairs adipocyte function. Mechanical stress and fibrotic tissue in obesity negatively affect adipocyte lipolysis and inflammation via mechanosensitive pathways.

Keywords:
3D cultureadipocytesfibrosishuman obesity

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An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
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Area of Science:

  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Fibrosis research
  • Obesity and metabolic disease

Background:

  • Fibrosis is a key feature of white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity-driven chronic inflammation.
  • The functional consequences of increased interstitial fibrosis on adipocytes are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of adipose tissue fibrosis on human adipocyte function in vitro.
  • To explore the role of mechanical forces and mechanosensitive pathways in fibrotic adipocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel 3D in vitro culture system using human adipocytes and decellularized adipose tissue matrix (dMAT).
  • Co-culture of adipocytes with dMAT in a peptide hydrogel, with and without mechanical compression.
  • Analysis of adipocyte lipolysis, adipokine secretion, cytokine production, and fibrotic mediator expression.
  • Investigation of CTGF promoter activity, β1-integrin/cytoskeleton pathways, and YAP/TEAD transcription factor involvement.

Main Results:

  • Adipocytes cultured with dMAT exhibited reduced lipolysis and adipokine secretion.
  • Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, G-CSF) and fibrotic mediators (LOXL2, THSB2, CTGF) was observed.
  • Mechanical compression of adipocyte cultures induced alterations in lipolytic activity and fibro-inflammation.
  • CTGF expression correlated with peri-adipocyte fibrosis in obese individuals.
  • dMAT-induced CTGF promoter activity was dependent on β1-integrin/cytoskeleton and YAP/TEAD pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Fibrosis negatively impacts human adipocyte function through mechanosensitive molecules.
  • Cell deformation and mechanical stress contribute to fibro-inflammation in adipose tissue.
  • Targeting mechanosensitive pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction.