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Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the...
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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Diabetes and sexual dysfunction: current perspectives.

Maria Ida Maiorino1, Giuseppe Bellastella1, Katherine Esposito2

  • 1Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy
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Summary

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of sexual dysfunction in men and women. Lifestyle changes can improve well-being and potentially prevent or reduce sexual dysfunction in diabetic individuals.

Keywords:
diabetes complicationsdiabetes mellituserectile dysfunctionfemale sexual dysfunctionlifestyle changes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sexual Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease globally.
  • Diabetes is a known risk factor for sexual dysfunction in men, with a threefold increased risk of erectile dysfunction.
  • The link between diabetes and female sexual dysfunction is less conclusive but generally shows higher prevalence in diabetic women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between diabetes mellitus and sexual dysfunction in both sexes.
  • To identify potential contributing factors and mechanisms linking diabetes to sexual dysfunction.
  • To highlight the role of lifestyle modifications in managing sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diabetes mellitus and sexual dysfunction.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical studies.
  • Exploration of pathophysiological mechanisms including hyperglycemia, vascular complications, and associated comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic men have a significantly higher risk of erectile dysfunction compared to non-diabetic men.
  • Diabetic women often report a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction, with factors potentially more psychosocial than purely physiological.
  • Hyperglycemia and associated conditions like hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia contribute to sexual dysfunction in diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with sexual dysfunction in men and likely in women.
  • Managing hyperglycemia and associated risk factors through healthy lifestyles is crucial.
  • Interventions promoting healthy lifestyles may reduce insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, thereby improving sexual function in diabetic individuals.