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Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
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Physical Activity and Bone: May the Force be with You.

Jonathan H Tobias1, Virginia Gould1, Luke Brunton1

  • 1Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol School of Clinical Sciences, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital , Bristol , UK.

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Summary

High-impact physical activity (PA) may protect bone mineral density (BMD). However, the impact threshold for bone protection appears lower in older adults than in adolescents, suggesting tailored exercise is needed.

Keywords:
BMDboneexerciseimpact loadingphysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Orthopedics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) is crucial for preventing bone loss and osteoporosis in aging populations.
  • The specific types of PA most effective for bone health in older adults are not well-defined.
  • Objective PA measurement using accelerometers offers accurate insights into bone health relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between vertical impacts from PA and hip bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults.
  • To compare the impact thresholds for bone protection between adolescents and older individuals.
  • To inform the selection of bone-protective exercise regimes for the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized accelerometers for objective measurement of PA, specifically vertical impacts.
  • Analyzed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
  • Compared findings from adolescent studies with a pilot study in older adults.

Main Results:

  • In adolescents, vertical impacts exceeding 4g, though infrequent, significantly correlated with higher hip BMD.
  • No impacts exceeding 4g were detected in the pilot study of older adults using the same methodology.
  • This suggests a potentially lower impact threshold for bone protection in older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The threshold for bone-protective vertical impacts may be substantially lower in older adults compared to adolescents.
  • Further research is needed to identify the precise impact threshold in older populations.
  • Establishing this threshold will guide the development of optimal exercise interventions for geriatric bone health.