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Updated: May 2, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
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Impact of a Rewards-Based Incentive Program on Promoting Fruit and Vegetable Purchases.

Etienne J Phipps1, Leonard E Braitman, Shana D Stites

  • 1Etienne J. Phipps, Shana D. Stites, S. Brook Singletary, and Samantha L. Wallace are with the Center for Urban Health Policy and Research; Leonard E. Braitman and Lacy Hunt are with the Office of Research and Technology; and Nadine Uplinger is with the Gutman Diabetes Institute, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA. Saul Axelrod is with the Special Education and Applied Behavior Analysis Programs, Temple University, Philadelphia. Karen Glanz is with the Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

American Journal of Public Health
|March 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rewards-based incentive program increased fruit and vegetable purchases for low-income families. However, the positive impact on purchasing habits diminished when the incentive was reduced or removed.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Low-income families often face barriers to purchasing fruits and vegetables.
  • Incentive programs may encourage healthier food choices.
  • Understanding the sustainability of such programs is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of a rewards-based financial incentive on fruit and vegetable consumption.
  • To assess the impact on low-income families in Philadelphia.

Main Methods:

  • A 4-phase prospective cohort study involving randomized intervention and control groups.
  • Intervention: 50% rebate on fruit and vegetable purchases, tapering to 25%, then eliminated.
  • Outcome: Measured weekly servings of fruits and vegetables purchased.

Main Results:

  • Intervention group purchased significantly more servings of vegetables (8 more/week) and fruits (2.5 more/week).
  • Purchases returned to baseline levels when the incentive was reduced and discontinued.
  • Price-adjusted analyses confirmed the temporary nature of the purchasing increase.

Conclusions:

  • Financial incentives can temporarily boost fruit and vegetable purchases among low-income families.
  • Long-term sustainability requires further investigation into program costs and benefits for stakeholders.
  • Exploring cost-effective strategies for sustained dietary improvements is essential.