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Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
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Fungal toenail infections.

Jill Ferrari1

  • 1The University of East London, London, UK.

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|March 15, 2014
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This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates oral and topical treatments for fungal toenail infections in adults. It found 13 studies on interventions like terbinafine and fluconazole, assessing their effectiveness and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Fungal infections cause a significant portion of foot and nail conditions seen by dermatologists.
  • Prevalence in the general population ranges from 3% to 12%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of oral and topical treatments for adult fungal toenail infections.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various antifungal interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature from Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library up to October 2013.
  • Inclusion of 13 studies meeting predefined criteria.
  • GRADE evaluation of evidence quality for interventions.

Main Results:

  • The review identified and analyzed data from 13 relevant studies.
  • Evidence quality for different interventions was assessed using the GRADE system.

Conclusions:

  • Information on the effectiveness and safety of amorolfine, butenafine, ciclopirox, fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, tioconazole, and topical ketoconazole is presented.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of treatment options for fungal toenail infections.