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Luffa echinata: healer plant or potential killer.

S Giri, C R Lokesh, S Sahu

  • 1Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.

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Bristly luffa (Luffa echinata) consumption caused gastrointestinal bleeding and liver dysfunction in a patient. This Ayurvedic plant, traditionally used for various ailments, may pose toxicity risks, requiring further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ethnobotany
  • Toxicology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Luffa echinata, a cucurbitaceae family plant, is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine.
  • Its bioactive compounds include cucurbitacin, saponins, and flavonoids, known for pathophysiological effects.
  • No prior human toxicity reports exist for Luffa echinata.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old male presented with severe gastrointestinal bleeding, abnormal liver function tests, and shock.
  • Symptoms followed the ingestion of Luffa echinata fruits soaked in water.
  • Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed antral gastritis and duodenal erosions.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was attributed to Luffa echinata consumption.
  • The observed toxicity included significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hepatic impairment.
  • Conservative management led to the patient's complete recovery.

Implications:

  • This case highlights potential toxicity of Luffa echinata, challenging its traditional safety profile.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the toxic mechanisms and establish safe usage guidelines.
  • Clinicians should consider Luffa echinata toxicity in patients presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal and liver issues.