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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Predictive Measurement for Windlass Change in Length and Selected Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
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Predictive Measurement for Windlass Change in Length and Selected Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis

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Plantar fasciitis: a concise review.

Emily N Schwartz1, John Su2

  • 1Family Medicine Physician at the Los Angeles Medical Center in CA. emily.n.schwartz@kp.org.

The Permanente Journal
|March 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Managing plantar fasciitis requires evidence-based treatment. This review synthesizes current literature to guide physicians in diagnosing and treating heel pain effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain.
  • Limited high-quality comparative studies exist for treatment modalities.
  • Current management strategies require updates based on emerging evidence.

Observation:

  • A review of current scientific literature on plantar fasciitis was conducted.
  • The study focuses on identifying and evaluating different treatment options.
  • Evidence-based guidelines for managing plantar fasciitis are presented.

Findings:

  • The literature suggests a need for revised approaches to plantar fasciitis management.
  • Specific treatment guidelines are recommended for clinical practice.
  • The review highlights the scarcity of robust comparative studies.

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Implications:

  • Physicians can utilize these guidelines for improved diagnosis and treatment of heel pain.
  • This synthesis aims to enhance evidence-based care for plantar fasciitis patients.
  • Further research is needed to compare treatment efficacy directly.