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Empyema and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in children under five years of age

Maria Regina Alves Cardoso1, Cristiana Maria Costa Nascimento-Carvalho2, Fernando Ferrero3

  • 1University of São Paulo School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, São Paulo, Brazil, Associate Professor. Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo School of Public Health, São Paulo, Brazil.

Jornal Brasileiro De Pneumologia : Publicacao Oficial Da Sociedade Brasileira De Pneumologia E Tisilogia
|March 15, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Distinguishing pneumococcal empyema (PE) from bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) in young children is possible through clinical and laboratory findings. Early diagnosis of these severe conditions is vital for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema are significant causes of childhood respiratory illness.
  • Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) and pneumococcal empyema (PE) are distinct but related severe infections in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings between BPP and PE in children under five.
  • To identify differentiating features to aid in the prompt diagnosis of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional nested cohort study was conducted across 12 centers in Argentina, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic.
  • The study included 102 children with PE and 128 children with BPP, all under the age of five.

Main Results:

  • Children with PE were older and had longer disease duration, with more frequent tachypnea, dyspnea, and elevated leukocyte counts.
  • Fever and lethargy were more common in children with BPP.
  • Clinical and laboratory findings appear to differentiate PE from BPP in this pediatric cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical and laboratory presentations differ between PE and BPP in young children.
  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing both conditions, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality.

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