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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
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Enhancing Hebbian Learning to Control Brain Oscillatory Activity.

Surjo R Soekadar1, Matthias Witkowski1, Niels Birbaumer2

  • 1Human Cortical Physiology and Stroke Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, USA Applied Neurotechnology Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|March 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex enhances the learning of sensorimotor rhythm control. This brain stimulation technique improves motor skill acquisition and retention, highlighting M1

Keywords:
Hebbian learningbrain stimulationmotor cortexsensorimotor rhythms

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Brain-Machine Interfaces

Background:

  • Sensorimotor rhythms (SMR) are brain oscillations linked to motor performance and control.
  • Voluntary SMR modulation enables brain-machine interface (BMI) operation without physical movement.
  • Mechanisms for acquiring SMR control skills remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in learning to control SMR.
  • To determine if transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over M1 influences SMR control acquisition.
  • To examine the effects of different tDCS polarities on SMR learning and retention.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy participants underwent 5 days of SMR control training.
  • Participants received anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS over M1.
  • SMR control acquisition and retention were assessed across training and follow-up periods.

Main Results:

  • Anodal tDCS significantly improved SMR control learning compared to sham and cathodal tDCS.
  • Cathodal tDCS impaired learning, negating benefits seen with sham stimulation.
  • Skill improvements in the anodal group persisted one month post-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • M1 plays a crucial role in acquiring abstract skills like SMR control.
  • Anodal tDCS over M1 enhances SMR learning and retention.
  • M1 serves as a common substrate for both physical motor skills and brain oscillatory control.