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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
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Acquired hyperpigmentations.

Tania Ferreira Cestari1, Lia Pinheiro Dantas2, Juliana Catucci Boza3

  • 1Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Internal Medicine Department, Porto Alegre(RS), Brazil, PhD - Associate Professor at the Internal Medicine Department, at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS). Teaching Professor at the Child and Adolescent Health Sciences and the Surgical Post-Graduation Programs at Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS). Chief of the Dermatology Department at Porto Alegre Clinics Hospital - Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (HCPA-UFRGS) - Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil.

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|March 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers acquired hyperpigmentations, focusing on melanin alterations. It details causes, diagnosis, and prevention for common skin pigmentation issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pigmentation Disorders

Background:

  • Cutaneous hyperpigmentations are common dermatological complaints, accounting for 8.5% of consultations.
  • These conditions can be congenital or acquired, often linked to melanin alterations.
  • Acquired hyperpigmentations arise from skin issues, systemic diseases, or environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major acquired hyperpigmentations associated with increased melanin.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of action, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight preventive measures for common pigmentation disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on acquired hyperpigmentations.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving melanin.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Detailed review of conditions including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and others.
  • Exploration of diverse etiologies and pathophysiological pathways.
  • Identification of key diagnostic features and treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of acquired hyperpigmentation is crucial for effective management.
  • A comprehensive approach to diagnosis and therapy improves patient outcomes.
  • Preventive strategies play a role in managing these common skin conditions.