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Complementation Tests

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Functional Complementation Analysis FCA: A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Functional Complementation Analysis FCA: A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Fine-mapping natural alleles: quantitative complementation to the rescue.

Thomas L Turner¹

¹Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Noble Hall, Room 2128, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9620, USA.

Molecular Ecology

|March 18, 2014

Summary

Identifying causal genes for natural variation is difficult. This study proposes using genomic engineering and quantitative complementation tests to convert candidate genes into causal genes, facilitating fine-mapping efforts.

Keywords:

CRISPR QTL mapping inversions quantitative complementation

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Area of Science:

Genetics
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Identifying genes underlying natural variation and evolutionary divergence is a significant challenge in genetics.
Previous studies often identify candidate genes or genomic regions but lack high-evidence causal gene identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel methodology for converting candidate genes into causal genes with a high standard of evidence.
To facilitate the fine-mapping of genes responsible for natural variation and divergence.

Main Methods:

Combining advances in genomic engineering with a modified quantitative complementation test.
Generating loss-of-function mutations in natural strains.
Utilizing these mutations to quantitatively assess complementation with natural alleles.

Main Results:

The proposed method is expected to greatly facilitate fine-mapping by enabling quantitative failure-to-complement tests.
Specific examples include using CRISPR/Cas9 and FLP/FRT systems for gene fine-mapping.

Conclusions:

This integrated approach offers a powerful strategy to overcome limitations in current gene mapping techniques.
It promises to enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of natural variation and adaptation.