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An emerging reactor technology for chemical synthesis: surface acoustic wave-assisted closed-vessel Suzuki coupling
Ketav Kulkarni1, James Friend2, Leslie Yeo2
1School of Chemistry Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract:
In this paper we demonstrate the use of an energy-efficient surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for driving closed-vessel SAW-assisted (CVSAW), ligand-free Suzuki couplings in aqueous media. The reactions were carried out on a mmolar scale with low to ultra-low catalyst loadings. The reactions were driven by heating resulting from the penetration of acoustic energy derived from RF Raleigh waves generated by a piezoelectric chip via a renewable fluid coupling layer. The yields were uniformly high and the reactions could be executed without added ligand and in water. In terms of energy density this new technology was determined to be roughly as efficient as microwaves and superior to ultrasound.
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