Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

1.5K
Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
1.5K
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

22
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
22
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

59
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
59
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

15
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
15
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

1.0K
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
1.0K
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

60.2K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
60.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrating molecular tools into leishmaniosis surveillance: evaluation of a commercial qPCR kit in sand fly vectors.

Parasites & vectors·2026
Same author

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of tick bites in a Spanish tertiary hospital: a three-year retrospective study.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2026
Same author

Assessment of the Pathogenicity of <i>Candidatus</i> Rickettsia Colombiensis in a Syrian Hamster Model and Serological Cross-Reactivity Between Spotted Fever Rickettsia Species.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Borrelia crocidurae meningoencephalitis in a young Senegalense man returning to Tenerife, Canary Islands.

Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease·2025
Same author

Ticks From Mink and Their Associated Microorganisms in Spain.

Transboundary and emerging diseases·2025
Same author

Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR
07:20

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR

Published on: February 4, 2018

21.9K

[Lyme disease].

Aránzazu Portillo1, Sonia Santibáñez1, José A Oteo1

  • 1Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centro de Rickettsiosis y Enfermedades Transmitidas por Artrópodos Vectores, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, España.

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|March 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lyme disease, a common tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, presents diverse symptoms and requires accurate laboratory diagnosis. This review covers its causes, spread, and treatment, highlighting issues with unvalidated tests.

Keywords:
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latoEnfermedad de LymeEspañaIxodes ricinusLyme diseaseSpain

More Related Videos

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
09:01

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Published on: September 28, 2022

2.5K
Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR
07:20

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR

Published on: February 4, 2018

21.9K
Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
09:01

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Published on: September 28, 2022

2.5K
Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Lyme disease (LD) is a significant global health concern, prevalent in the Northern Hemisphere and transmitted by hard ticks.
  • In Spain, Ixodes ricinus ticks transmit LD, with Borrelia garinii being the predominant genospecies involved.
  • Often termed 'the last great imitator,' LD exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations beyond the characteristic erythema migrans.

Purpose:

  • To provide an updated overview of Lyme disease in Spain.
  • To detail the etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of LD.
  • To address controversies surrounding the use of unvalidated diagnostic tests in LD management.

Summary:

  • Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by ticks, representing the most common tick-borne infection in the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Diagnosis of LD, apart from erythema migrans, relies on microbiological confirmation.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on LD, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and the need for scientifically rigorous methods.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of Lyme disease in the Spanish context.
  • Guides clinicians in accurate diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease.
  • Promotes evidence-based practices by highlighting concerns with non-validated diagnostic tools.