Tribocorrosion and oral and maxillofacial surgical devices

The release of metal ions or material particles, or both, into tissues that surround implanted medical or dental devices can create postimplantation complications. These rare but disturbing events are mainly caused by the mechanical movements of the components of the implant against each other, coupled with the influences of local biochemical and electrochemical factors. Mechanical movement of the components of implants against each other results in friction and wear, the study of which is called tribology. The tribology of an implanted device depends on the patient's activity and is affected by variables such as load, frequency, and the surface properties of the components of the implant that are in contact. Local biochemical and electrochemical factors include the ambient pH, and concentrations of protein and oxygen. The effect on local tissues and extracellular fluid can produce biochemical or electrochemical responses to the implant material in the surrounding solution, which is termed corrosion. The combined effect of these mechanical, biochemical, and electrochemical factors is known as tribocorrosion. In this paper we will provide a brief overview of the basic principles of tribocorrosion, and its current status and future perspectives, to create awareness and interest, and to inspire research into its effects on implantable devices in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The information garnered from such investigations, appropriately applied, will not only improve present devices but also will lead to the development of superior ones, ultimately improving care and outcomes for patients.