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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Providing Meaningful Environmental Enrichment and Measuring Saliva Cortisol in Pigs Housed on Slatted Flooring
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Social support in pigs with different coping styles.

Inonge Reimert1, J Elizabeth Bolhuis1, Bas Kemp1

  • 1Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Physiology & Behavior
|March 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social support in pigs can reduce stress responses, particularly benefiting those with a low-resisting coping style over high-resisting individuals. This study investigated pig stress responses with and without social support.

Keywords:
BehaviorCoping styleCortisolHeart rate variabilityPigsSocial support

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Ethology
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Social support is known to mitigate stress responses in various species.
  • The influence of personality and coping styles on the efficacy of social support in pigs remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of social support on behavioral and physiological stress responses in pigs.
  • To determine if coping style (high-resisting vs. low-resisting) modulates the benefits of social support.

Main Methods:

  • Pigs were classified as high-resisting (HR) or low-resisting (LR) based on a backtest.
  • A 15-minute restraint test was conducted with and without a conspecific present (social support).
  • Behavioral observations and physiological measures (salivary cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability) were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Low-resisting pigs displayed reduced alert behavior and ear-back postures with social support.
  • High-resisting pigs showed non-significant trends towards increased escape attempts and urination with social support.
  • No significant differences in salivary cortisol or heart rate variability were observed between treatments or coping styles.
  • Standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) was lower in LR pigs during the test when a pen mate was present.

Conclusions:

  • Pigs appear to benefit from social support during stressful situations.
  • Low-resisting pigs may derive greater benefits from social support compared to high-resisting pigs.
  • While not all stress indicators were affected, the findings suggest coping style influences social support effectiveness in pigs.