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Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences--an application survey.

Susanne Lackner1, Eva M Gilbert1, Siegfried E Vlaeminck2

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Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) offers innovative ammonium removal from wastewater. This review summarizes successful PN/A technologies for high-strength wastewater, highlighting sequencing batch reactors and operational challenges.

Keywords:
AnammoxBiofilmDeammonificationGranulaPartial nitritationProcess stabilitySequencing batch reactor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Wastewater Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) emerged in the 1990s, revolutionizing biological ammonium removal from wastewater.
  • Significant advancements in PN/A technologies have occurred over the past decade, with several reaching full-scale implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize PN/A technologies successfully developed, implemented, and optimized for specific wastewater conditions.
  • To provide insights into practical experiences, operational control, and troubleshooting of full-scale PN/A installations.

Main Methods:

  • Review and summary of existing PN/A technologies.
  • In-depth survey of 14 full-scale PN/A installations to evaluate practical experiences.

Main Results:

  • Over 50% of PN/A installations utilize sequencing batch reactors.
  • 88% of plants operate as single-stage systems, with 75% used for municipal wastewater sidestream treatment.
  • Incoming solids, aeration control, and nitrate buildup were identified as key operational difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • PN/A is a mature technology with numerous successful full-scale applications, particularly for high-strength ammonium wastewaters.
  • Operational challenges require careful management for optimal performance of PN/A systems.