Urban groundwater contamination by residues of UV filters
Anna Jurado1, Pablo Gago-Ferrero2, Enric Vàzquez-Suñé3
1GHS, Department of Geosciences, Institute of Environmental Assessment & Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; GHS, Dept Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, UPC-Barcelona Tech, Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
Abstract:
The occurrence and fate of UV filters (UV F) in an urban aquifer in correlation with (1) the spatial distribution of UV F in Barcelona's groundwater, (2) the depth of the groundwater sample, (3) the physicochemical properties of the target compounds, (4) the recharge sources, and (5) the redox conditions of the Barcelona aquifers, were studied for the first time. The highest groundwater concentrations and the largest number of detected UV F were observed in an aquifer recharged by a polluted river (around 55 ng/L in SAP-4). In contrast, the urbanized areas had lower concentrations (around 20 ng/L in MPSP-1). Two pathways can be identified for UV F to enter the aquifers: (1) leakage of row sewage from the sewage network in urbanized areas and (2) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents discharged into the river. Measured concentrations of UV F were significantly much lower than those estimated from the waste water proportion in groundwater samples suggesting that UV F might undergo transformation processes in both reducing and oxidizing conditions.
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