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Updated: May 2, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
Published on: April 23, 2021
Diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: a VASCOG statement
Perminder Sachdev1, Raj Kalaria, John O'Brien
1*Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales †Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia ‡Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear §Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ∥Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden ¶Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India #University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON §§§Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada **Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA ††Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC ‡‡Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore §§Department of Neurology, University of Southern California and Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA ∥∥University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA ¶¶Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Vienna, Austria ##Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA ***University Lille Nord de France UDSL and Memory Clinic, CHU, Lille, France †††The Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA ‡‡‡Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ∥∥∥Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX.
New criteria for vascular cognitive disorders (VCD) offer a unified diagnostic approach. These proposed guidelines aim to improve the diagnosis and understanding of these heterogeneous conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
Background:
- Existing diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia lack clarity, necessitating reevaluation.
- Ambiguity in vascular dementia definitions has persisted since the 1960s.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically reexamine and propose updated diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia.
- To develop a coherent framework for diagnosing vascular cognitive disorders (VCD).
Main Methods:
- A 2009 symposium convened by the International Society for Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) critiqued current criteria.
- A new proposal was drafted and refined through multiple expert reviews, including input from the DSM-5 Task Force.
Main Results:
- Vascular cognitive disorders (VCD) are recognized as a heterogeneous group with diverse pathologies.
- A continuum of vascular cognitive impairment is proposed, including Mild VCD and Major VCD (Vascular Dementia).
- Clinical and neuroimaging criteria are suggested for vascular etiology, acknowledging co-occurring Alzheimer's pathology.
Conclusions:
- The proposed VCD criteria offer a cohesive diagnostic strategy.
- These criteria aim to facilitate clinical and pathological validation studies.
- Harmonization with DSM-5 criteria could lead to international consensus on VCD diagnosis.
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