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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
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Cilia gene expression patterns in cancer.

Max Shpak1, Marcus M Goldberg, Matthew C Cowperthwaite

  • 1NeuroTexas Institute, St. David's Healthcare, 1015 E, 32nd St. Suite 404, Austin, TX 78705, U.S.A. shpak.max@gmail.com and Marcus Goldberg, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Austin TX 78712, U.S.A.

Cancer Genomics & Proteomics
|March 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genes regulating non-motile cilia are frequently dysregulated in multiple cancers. This cilia gene dysregulation can help classify and identify different cancer types, offering new diagnostic potential.

Keywords:
Cancergene expressionpatternsprimary cilia

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Non-motile cilia play a critical role in cancer progression.
  • Understanding cilia gene expression patterns is crucial for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cilia gene dysregulation across eight distinct cancer types.
  • To identify patterns of cilia gene expression that may aid in cancer classification.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for eight cancer types.
  • Differential gene expression analysis focusing on cilia-associated genes.
  • Hierarchical clustering and principal components analysis for pattern identification.

Main Results:

  • Significant dysregulation of cilia-associated genes was observed in 2.5-19.8% of cases across cancer types.
  • Cilia genes were predominantly down-regulated in breast, colon, glioblastoma, and ovarian cancers, and up-regulated in others.
  • Gene expression patterns revealed distinct sub-classes of cancers with similar cilia gene dysregulation.

Conclusions:

  • Genes involved in cilia biosynthesis and function are frequently altered in cancer.
  • Cilia gene dysregulation patterns show potential for cancer type identification and classification.