Tic disorder probably associated with steroid responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT)

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Steroid responsive encephalopathy with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder.
• It is characterized by high titers of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and can affect all age groups.
• While various neurological symptoms are documented, its association with tic disorders is less explored.

Observation:

• A previously healthy 12-year-old boy presented with new-onset motor tics.
• Extensive investigations were conducted to determine the cause of his tic disorder.
• Clinical and laboratory findings led to a diagnosis of SREAT.

Findings:

• The patient's motor tics were likely a manifestation of SREAT.
• This presentation expands the known spectrum of neurological symptoms associated with SREAT.
• The case underscores the importance of considering autoimmune etiologies in pediatric tic disorders.

Implications:

• This case suggests SREAT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric tic disorders.
• Early diagnosis and treatment of SREAT may prevent or ameliorate neurological deficits.
• Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms linking SREAT and tic disorders.